Muhammad Iqbal Lahori is one of the most prominent Muslim poets and thinkers of the twentieth century, who considered poetry a means of awakening man and reviving the spiritual and social life of Islamic societies. The evolution of his poetic thought begins with the stage of romantic and lyrical experiences and gradually manifests itself in the form of poems with epistemological, moral and social themes. The present study, based on the analysis of Iqbal's original works, examines how the intellectual and artistic elements in his poetry have changed and shows that Iqbal, in the transition from youth to maturity, has reconstructed his language, imagery and poetic worldview in connection with the intellectual and historical developments of the time. The findings of the study indicate that Iqbal's poetry is initially based on spiritual passion, oriental lyricism and a kind of human optimism; however, with the increase in philosophical reflections and his encounter with the crises of the modern world, his poetry becomes a tool for criticizing the status quo and presenting a new perspective on man and society. Poems such as "The Parliament of the Devil" show that Iqbal, using symbolic language, allegory, and philosophical satire, criticized the moral and identity collapse of contemporary humanity and spoke of the necessity of returning to spiritual and moral values.