نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
After the migration of the Prophet Muhammad to Medina, relations between Muslims and the three Jewish tribes of the city, namely Banu Qaynuqa, Banu Nadir, and Banu Qurayza, were initially based on peace and coexistence treaties; however, over time, these relations were accompanied by social, economic, and military tensions. With the aim of analyzing the role of geography in the development of these relations, this study examines the natural geography of Medina (climatic and environmental characteristics) and the distribution of Jewish castle settlements in the context of Medina's geography. The findings of the study show that the geography of Medina, in addition to providing an initial basis for interactions and coexistence, became an obstacle to the continuation of these relations over time. The limitation of natural resources, the strategic dispersion of settlements, and the impact of environmental conditions on military strategies were important factors in the formation of conflicts between Muslims and Jewish tribes. The present study analyzes historical data and related evidence using a descriptive-analytical method and concludes that the geography of Medina not only paved the way for social and political changes, but also played a structural role in creating and intensifying tensions between groups. The Prophet of Islam managed this crisis with a combination of legal, political, and military strategies, such as drafting the Treaty of Medina, encouraging the endowment of wells, seizing castles after the Jews violated the treaty, and fair distribution of water.
کلیدواژهها English
